Liquid Basics
Oceans are solutions The second state of matter we will discuss is a liquid. Solids are hard things you can hold. Gases are floating around you and in bubbles. What is a liquid? Water is a liquid. Your blood is a liquid. Liquids are an in-between state of matter. They can be found in between the solid and gas states. They don't have to be made up of the same compounds. If you have a variety of materials in a liquid, it is called a solution.
One characteristic of a liquid is that it will fill up the shape of a container. If you pour some water in a cup, it will fill up the bottom of the cup first and then fill the rest. The water will also take the shape of the cup. It fills the bottom first because of gravity. The top part of a liquid will usually have a flat surface. That flat surface is because of gravity too. Putting an ice cube (solid) into a cup will leave you with a cube in the middle of the cup; the shape won't change until the ice becomes a liquid.
Effort required to compress liquids Another trait of liquids is that they are difficult to compress. When you compress something, you take a certain amount and force it into a smaller space. Solids are very difficult to compress and gases are very easy. Liquids are in the middle but tend to be difficult. When you compress something, you force the atoms closer together. When pressure go up, substances are compressed. Liquids already have their atoms close together, so they are hard to compress. Many shock absorbers in cars compress liquids in tubes.
A special force keeps liquids together. Solids are stuck together and you have to force them apart. Gases bounce everywhere and they try to spread themselves out. Liquids actually want to stick together. There will always be the occasional evaporation where extra energy gets a molecule excited and the molecule leaves the system. Overall, liquids have cohesive (sticky) forces at work that hold the molecules together.
liquid information
When you are liquid you are no longer constrained by icon click over-simplicity, you command your information as richly as you command language.
When you are liquid, relevant information is always within eye’s reach and relevant tools within hand’s reach. Everything is apparent at a glance - document icons communicate, tools are deeply explorable. You are informed - not overwhelmed. You can zig and zag in every direction - making paths, seeing relationships and meaning as you go along - with your information, your tools and the media itself.
When you are liquid all words become hyperwords. Dynamically and automatically. You can issue commands on words like a magician waving a magic wand. You mould your own words and those of others like putty.
When you are liquid, learning comes easily, at your own pace, to your own depth. You learn about your information, your people, your own thoughts - your tools and your environment in your own way, with active, gentle, support. You are free, you move as you wish, you understand more, you do more.
When you are liquid, there is less hassle - you are free from clerical tasks which the systems themselves can perform; filtering, backups, maintenance, filing, and so on. Everything is synchronized, automatically & intelligently.
When you are liquid, collaboration flows as easily as thought - verbal and written dialogue is recorded and accessible. You can communicate with millions as easily as you can communicate with one.
When you are liquid, the connection between people, information and tools become fluid and active. Information no longer hides behind a screen, in some database or on a network. The computer gets out of the way - as you dive, swim with, and in, your information.You have a fluid overview of everything and you are in total control.
When you are liquid, information is organizable in concert with your wishes, you tag things with special associations and move them if they are important to you, everything is presented dynamically and is manipulatable dynamically.
When you are liquid you have access to all your information through every medium, the medium no longer passively transmits, the medium actively enhances the information through that medium’s unique characteristics.
When you are liquid there are no information ghettos where multimedia whiz-bang encyclopedias or flashy web sites hold their information hostage and dictate its behavior & interactivity.
When you are liquid everything flows. Everywhere. Information and control become one. You are free, you are in control.
Liquid is a through-zero flanger, and excels in adding vintage vibe to your recordings. From a subtle ADT effect on vocals or electric piano on up to massive "Jet" style 2-buss flanging, Liquid will bring the classic sound of real tape machine flanging to your modern DAW.
A normal flanger, at least in today's world, is just a delay line set to a very short time with some feedback. In "analog" pedals this is done with a bucket-brigade delay chip, and in DSP-based effects like digital pedals and plug-ins, it is one of the easiest effects to create. However, the original flanging effect was created by running two tape machines with the same material in sync, then varying the speed of one of them (sometimes by actually applying pressure to the flange of the tape reel with a finger) to cause some rather extreme and odd comb filtering.
Made popular by George Martin (and used heavily on John Lennon's vocals on many tracks from Revolver on) and Phil Spector (who used it on, well, just about everything), it is a classic effect that was difficult to achieve in software. Until now.
Glucose (play /ˈgluːkoʊz/; C6H12O6, also known as D-glucose, dextrose, or grape sugar) is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) and an important carbohydrate in biology. Cells use it as a source of energy and a metabolic intermediate. Glucose is one of the main products of photosynthesis and starts cellular respiration.
Glucose exists in several different structures, but all of these structures can be divided into two families of mirror-images (stereoisomers). Only one set of these isomers exists in nature, those derived from the "right-handed form" of glucose, denoted D-glucose. D-glucose is often referred to as dextrose. The term dextrose is derived from dextrorotatory glucose.[2] Solutions of dextrose rotate polarized light to the right (in Latin: dexter = "right"). Starch and cellulose are polymers derived from the dehydration of D-glucose. The other stereoisomer, called L-glucose, is hardly found in nature.
The name "glucose" comes from the Greek word glukus (γλυκύς), meaning "sweet". The suffix "-ose" denotes a sugar. The name "dextrose" and the 'D-' prefix come from Latin dexter ("right"), referring to the handedness of the molecules.
Contents
Glucose
Glucose is by far the most common carbohydrate and classified as a monosaccharide, an aldose, a hexose, and is a reducing sugar. It is also known as dextrose, because it is dextrorotatory (meaning that as an optical isomer is rotates plane polarized light to the right and also an origin for the D designation.
Glucose is also called blood sugar as it circulates in the blood at a concentration of 65-110 mg/mL of blood.
Glucose is initially synthesized by chlorophyll in plants using carbon dioxide from the air and sunlight as an energy source. Glucose is further converted to starch for storage.
Ring Structure for Glucose:
Up until now we have been presenting the structure of glucose as a chain. In reality, an aqueous sugar solution contains only 0.02% of the glucose in the chain form, the majority of the structure is in the cyclic chair form.
Since carbohydrates contain both alcohol and aldehyde or ketone functional groups, the straight-chain form is easily converted into the chair form - hemiacetal ring structure. Due to the tetrahedral geometry of carbons that ultimately make a 6 membered stable ring , the -OH on carbon #5 is converted into the ether linkage to close the ring with carbon #1. This makes a 6 member ring - five carbons and one oxygen.